検索キーワード： 歴史

In the 1940s and '50s, a group of eccentric geniuses - led by John von Neumann - gathered at the newly created Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Their joint project was the realization of the theoretical universal machine, an idea that had been put forth by mathematician Alan Turing. This group of brilliant engineers worked in isolation, almost entirely independent from industry and the traditional academic community. But because they relied exclusively on government funding, the government wanted its share of the results....

Her name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. Born a poor black tobacco farmer, her cancer cells – taken without her knowledge – became a multimillion-dollar industry and one of the most important tools in medicine. Yet Henrietta’s family did not learn of her ‘immortality’ until more than twenty years after her death, with devastating consequences . . .

An unbelievable series of events led to the establishment of the Northwest Electro-development Laboratory, later the U.S. Bureau of Mines Albany Research Center. Though the fledgling lab had difficulty securing staff due to World War II, world-renown metallurgist William J. Kroll was hired early on as a consultant after fleeing Nazi occupation. Kroll, who had pioneered a method for producing commercial titanium, worked with his core group of associates to develop malleable zirconium, just as a need arose for the little-known metal.

In the mid-1800s a dreaded illness swept through the tropical regions of the globe. Malaria was a prevalent and often deadly parasite. It caused fever, chills, headaches, even confusion, seizures, and sometimes death. A cure needed to be found but this quest would lead to an unexpected discovery.

If there is one belief that has united the left and the right, psychologists and philosophers, ancient thinkers and modern ones, it is the tacit assumption that humans are bad. It's a notion that drives newspaper headlines and guides the laws that shape our lives. From Machiavelli to Hobbes, Freud to Pinker, the roots of this belief have sunk deep into Western thought. Human beings, we're taught, are by nature selfish and governed primarily by self-interest.

Referring to Lewis Carroll's Red Queen from Through the Looking-Glass, a character who has to keep running to stay in the same place, Matt Ridley demonstrates why sex is humanity's best strategy for outwitting its constantly mutating internal predators.

يصف المؤلف بيل برايسون نفسه بأنه الرحّالة المتردد، ولكن حتى حين يبقى آمناً في المنزل فإنه لا يستطيع أن يوقف فضوله حيال العالم الذي حوله...لذا فإن كتاب "موجز تاريخ كل شيء تقريباً" هو بحث هدفه فهم كل شيء سبق أن حدث منذ الإنفجار الكبير حتى نشوء الحضارة؛ كيف أتينا من العدم، إلى هنا، حيث صرنا ما نحن عليه...

Do autor de Como chegamos até aqui e De onde vêm as boas ideias, a surpreendente história de como nós humanos ganhamos 20 mil dias a mais em nossas vidas. Buscando respostas para os desafios atuais e do futuro, Longevidade é uma ode ao poder duradouro dos objetivos comuns. Todos os avanços do mundo moderno — o método científico, as descobertas médicas, as instituições de saúde pública — proporcionaram a cada um de nós cerca de cinco décadas a mais de existência. Steven Johnson, um dos mais influentes pensadores da tecnologia, traça aqui os meandros dessa evolução.

This book offers a detailed exploration of the Black Plague's journey through medieval Europe, Asia, and Africa. While it details the human suffering and societal breakdowns caused by the pandemic, it also highlights the remarkable resilience of the survivors. The book examines how the plague sparked innovation in public health, inspired artistic and literary masterpieces, and transformed social structures, ultimately leading to the cultural rebirth of the Renaissance.

In Charged, James Morton Turner unpacks the history of batteries to explore why solving "the battery problem" is critical to a clean energy transition. As climate activists focus on what a clean energy future will create the history of batteries offers a sharp reminder of what building that future will consume. With new insight on the consequences for people and communities on the front lines, Turner draws on the past for crucial lessons that will help us build a just and clean energy future, from the ground up.

Hoof Beats transforms our understanding of both horses and humanity's ancient past and asks us to consider what our relationship with horses means for the future of humanity and the world around us.

No encontrarás una descripción de edificios que albergaron a locos, sino matices y anécdotas de los locos y los cuerdos que los habitaron. El protagonista de los dos libros anteriores (sobre cementerios y cárceles) escribe cartas al autor durante la pandemia y en cada una le habla de un manicomio diferente. Los relatos están plagados de anécdotas, unas muy desagradables y otras más asequibles, incluso las hay divertidas y, sin duda, todas sorprendentes. No se recrea en el morbo, provoca que el lector se enganche y quiera saber, pero sin sufrir más de la cuenta.

Dicen que, al mal tiempo, buena cara. He aquí un compendio de anécdotas ingeniosas e incluso divertidas en tiempos del tifus y la fiebre tifoidea.

Il settore dei trasporti, in particolare quello su strada, è responsabile di un quarto delle emissioni di gas serra e i combustibili fossili che utilizza producono sostanze tossiche per l’uomo e per l’ambiente, oltre a essere soggetti a oscillazioni di prezzo per ragioni geopolitiche. La mobilità elettrica sta emergendo negli ultimi anni per dare una risposta efficace a questi e altri problemi, nella prospettiva di un pianeta sempre più decarbonizzato secondo gli obiettivi già stabiliti dai governi e dai trattati internazionali.

From the prize-winning and bestselling biographer of Shelley and Coleridge, and author of the landmark, critically acclaimed The Age of Wonder, this is a book about the new science and scepticism of the 19th century; about ideas of geology and deep time, the vast beauty and the terror looming before all those who saw deeper into the stars and studied the new cosmology.

Are we alone in the universe? It's a fundamental question for Earth-dwelling humankind. Are there other worlds like ours, out there somewhere? In Hidden in the Heavens, Jason Steffen, a former scientist on NASA's Kepler mission, describes how that mission searched for planets orbiting Sun-like stars—especially Earth-like planets circulating in Earth-like orbits.

Desde la observación del cielo nocturno hasta la definición del segundo, desde el calendario sumerio hasta la creación del gregoriano, desde las clepsidras de los antiguos egipcios hasta el súper preciso reloj atómico… De los tiempos en que las longitudes se medían en codos o pies al establecimiento del metro patrón, la producción de ropa "ready to wear" y la invención del gps.

For over two thousand years, from the Medieval Arabic world to the midst of the covid-19 pandemic, scientific progress has relied on different methods of establishing fact from fiction. Achieve logical perfection, the reasoning went, and you would be rewarded with ultimate, universal truth. But there is far more to proof than axioms, theories and laws: when demonstrating that a new medical treatment works, persuading a jury of someone's guilt, or deciding whether you trust a self-driving car or a financial transaction, the weighing up of evidence is far from simple.

En los siglos anteriores a él, la filosofía había sido peligrosa para los filósofos, pero con Friedrich Nietzsche resulta peligrosa para todo el mundo. Nietzsche enloqueció y su locura presagió la demencia colectiva que había de tener consecuencias horrendas en Europa durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. La suya es una filosofía de aforismos y de penetrante visión psicológica, no un sistema, pero es brillante, persuasiva e incisiva como ninguna otra antes o después de él.

Swimming pools were empty. The parks were deserted, and as the hot summer days simmered on, so too did a lingering dread. This fear descended into fall like a shadow remnant after summer had long disappeared. A mysterious illness was sweeping across the globe and no one knew what to do or how to protect themselves.