検索キーワード： 人類学

"Una delle disgrazie del nostro paese, negli ultimi sessant'anni, è stata proprio di non avere avuto veri nemici. Avere un nemico è importante non solo per definire la nostra identità ma anche per procurarci un ostacolo rispetto al quale misurare il nostro sistema di valori e mostrare, nell'affrontarlo, il valore nostro. Pertanto, quando il nemico non ci sia, occorre costruirlo."

Nel "Manuale dell'uomo sociale" troverete le instantanee di inizio secolo. Un'epoca sospesa e vagamente ottimista, appena prima alla crisi finanziaria del 2008 e alla lunga crisi economica che avrebbe segnato gli anni Dieci. Riconoscerete l'Italia ormai abituata a internet, ma sempre ossessionata dai cellulari e dai primi smartphone. Sentirete l'aria economica che cambia: stretti tra stipendi balcanici e prezzi scandinavi, molti connazionali stentavano (per fortuna c'erano le case dei genitori, gli aperitivi abbondanti, gli outlet e i voli low-cost).

""La storia dei sentimenti" umani ci può aiutare a capire che l'economia, la politica e le altre forme di organizzazione umana che paiono vivere di leggi, algoritmi e regole, in realtà sono figlie dei nostri sentimenti. Ve ne sono stati di meravigliosi nel corso della storia. Studiamoli, copiamoli e vivremo più felici." Dalla scoperta del fuoco alla rivoluzione industriale, dalla democrazia ateniese all'intelligenza artificiale, lo spirito di ogni grande salto della storia dell'uomo si può racchiudere in un sentimento prevalente.

Ci sono bambine che imparano presto a truccarsi, a sorridere, a essere simpatiche e maliziose. Sognano di fare le miss o le modelle. Hanno mamme disposte a guidare ore e ore nella notte per portarle a sfilare a Pitti Bimbo e padri capaci di organizzare tour de force per trovare il vestito adatto a un casting. Sono bambine di quattro, cinque, sei anni che popolano un mondo poco noto, spesso nascosto, che si declina attraverso riviste patinate, cataloghi e pubblicità.

Gli occhi delle donne sono sempre stati usati dagli uomini come specchi nei quali cercare un riflesso per poter costruire la propria immagine e alimentare la propria autostima. Tuttavia, oggi qualcosa sta cambiando. Accade difatti che le proprietà correttive dello specchio degli occhi femminili abbiano cominciato a invertire il loro meccanismo di funzionamento e ad agire in senso contrario, amplificando limiti e difetti maschili. Come reagiscono gli uomini? La gran parte si sente smarrita, inquieta e disorientata, maggiormente fragile e insicura.

Duemila anni di monoteismo ci hanno abituato a ritenere che Dio non possa essere se non unico, esclusivo, vero. Al contrario, il politeismo antico prevedeva la possibilità di far corrispondere fra loro dèi e dèe appartenenti a culture diverse (la greca Artemis alla romana Diana, l'egizia Isis alla greca Athena), ovvero di accogliere nel proprio pantheon divinità straniere. Questa disposizione all'apertura ha fatto sì che il mondo antico non abbia conosciuto quella violenza a carattere religioso che invece ha insanguinato, e spesso ancora insanguina, le culture monoteiste.

Lorsque Germaine Tillion écrit "Il était une fois l'ethnographie", elle est alors au crépuscule de sa vie ; il s'agissait pour elle de revenir sur ses notes et travaux réalisés auprès de la population berbère de l'Aurès en Algérie, entre 1934 et 1940. Ces derniers devaient faire l'objet d'une thèse, qui n'a jamais pu voir le jour à cause de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Elle restitue ici son expérience de jeune ethnologue avec humour et un sens du récit unique. La comédienne Roselyne Sarazin parvient à retranscrire toute la force et l'espièglerie de ce texte.

"Comment la femme fait-elle l'apprentissage de sa condition, comment l'éprouve-t-elle, dans quel univers se trouve-t-elle enfermée, quelles évasions lui sont permises, voilà ce que je chercherai à décrire. Alors seulement nous pourrons comprendre quels problèmes se posent aux femmes qui, héritant d'un lourd passé, s'efforcent de forger un avenir nouveau."

"Nous commencerons par discuter les points de vue pris sur la femme par la biologie, la psychanalyse, le matérialisme historique. Nous essaierons de montrer ensuite positivement comment la "réalité féminine" s'est constituée, pourquoi la femme a été définie comme l'Autre et quelles en ont été les conséquences du point de vue des hommes."

In Voyagers, the distinguished anthropologist Nick Thomas charts the course of the seaborne migrations that populated the islands between the Americas and the western coast of Asia from late prehistory onwards: firstly the colonization by speakers of Austronesian languages of the western Pacific littoral, from around 3000 BC, of the Philippines, Indonesia, Micronesia and Melanesia; followed by the later settlement, by Polynesian peoples, of Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Tahiti, the Marquesas, Easter Island and eventually New Zealand, up to AD 1250.

Throughout history, humans have been driven by the quest for two cherished ideals: community and freedom. The two don’t coexist easily. We value individuality and self-reliance, yet are utterly dependent on community for our most basic needs. In this intricately crafted and thought-provoking book, Sebastian Junger examines the tension that lies at the heart of what it means to be human.

As the dominant species on Earth, humans have made astonishing progress since our ancestors came down from the trees. But how did the descendants of small primates manage to walk upright, become top predators, and populate the world? How were humans able to develop civilizations and produce a globalized economy? Now, in The Age of Wood, Roland Ennos shows for the first time that the key to our success has been our relationship with wood.

Friendships, for many of us, are at the very centre of our daily existence and identity. Yet it hasn't always been this way. Our modern view of what makes a friend is shaped by centuries of political and social upheaval. In this landmark study, Dr Thomas Dixon considers both the differences and similarities between friendships in history and those we experience today.

How to Be Animal writes a remarkable story of what it means to be human and argues that at the heart of our psychology is a profound struggle with being animal. As well as piecing together the mystery of how this psychology evolved, the book examines the wide-reaching ways in which it affects our lives, from our politics to the ways we distance ourselves from other species.

What kind of creature is a human? If we don't know what we are, how can we know how to act? In Being a Human, Charles Foster sets out to understand what a human is, inhabiting the sensory worlds of humans at three pivotal moments in our history.

For over 50,000 years, the Great Hunt has shaped human existence, creating a vital spiritual reality where people, animals, and the land share intimate bonds. Author Larry Frolick takes the listener deep into one of the last refuges of hunting societies: Canada’s far north. Based on his experiences travelling with First Nations Elders in remote communities across the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut, this vivid narrative combines accounts of daily life, unpublished archival records, First Nations' stories and Traditional Knowledge with personal observation....

Two centuries ago, nearly half the North American diet was foraged, hunted, or caught in the wild. Today, so-called “wild foods” are becoming expensive luxuries, served to the wealthy in top restaurants. Meanwhile, people who depend on wild foods for survival and sustenance find their lives forever changed as new markets and roads invade the world’s last untamed landscapes. In Feasting Wild, geographer and anthropologist Gina Rae La Cerva embarks on a global culinary adventure to trace our relationship to wild foods.

How did humans, a species of self-centered apes, come to care about others? Since Darwin, scientists have tried to answer this question using evolutionary theory. In The Kindness of Strangers, psychologist Michael E. McCullough shows why they have failed and offers a new explanation instead. From the moment nomadic humans first settled down until the aftermath of the Second World War, our species has confronted repeated crises that we could only survive by changing our behavior.

We are out of touch. Many people fear that we are trapped inside our screens, becoming less in tune with our bodies and losing our connection to the physical world. But the sense of touch has been undervalued since long before the days of digital isolation. How to Feel explores the scientific, physical, emotional, and cultural aspects of touch, reconnecting us to what is arguably our most important sense. Sushma Subramanian introduces listeners to the scientists whose groundbreaking research is underscoring the role of touch in our lives.

Violence is rampant in today's society. From state-sanctioned violence and the brutality of war and genocide to interpersonal fighting and the ways in which social lives are structured and symbolized by and through violence, people enact terrible things on other human beings almost every day. In Archaeologies of Violence and Privilege, archaeologists Christopher N. Matthews and Bradley D. Phillippi bring together a collection of authors who document the ways in which past social formations rested on violent acts and reproduced violent social and cultural structures.