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In this episode, we explore what sniffing really means for dogs—beyond enrichment or obedience practice. Drawing on the scoping review The Value of Sniffing (Cameron et al., 2023), we examine the behavioural and physiological evidence that scent-based activities aren’t just enjoyable for dogs—they’re fundamental to their wellbeing. From scent walks to nosework training, the paper reviews how olfactory engagement can reduce stress, support agency, and build emotional resilience.Key topics* What counts as a scent activity?* Links between sniffing, wellbeing, and agency* Scent work as both enrichment and intervention* Physiological and behavioural outcomes* Practical applications for trainers and ownersLong-read articleStudy overviewCameron et al. (2023) conducted a scoping review to consolidate current research on the value of scent-based activities for dogs. Rather than focusing on scent detection or working dog performance, the review examined how everyday olfactory activities influence welfare, agency, and behaviour. The authors found consistent evidence that allowing dogs to engage their nose—through tracking, scavenging, or enrichment tasks—can reduce physiological stress markers, encourage exploratory behaviour, and support dogs’ ability to self-regulate.Crucially, the review framed sniffing not just as a tool for obedience or stimulation, but as a behavioural need. Echoing trends in animal welfare and human psychology, the paper highlighted how olfactory engagement contributes to autonomy, resilience, and emotional stability.Thematic analysisDefining scent activities: from decompression walks to structured trackingThe review distinguished between passive and active scent activities. Passive options include letting dogs sniff on walks or scatter-feeding in the garden. Active forms include structured nosework classes, mantrailing, or scent games. The key is that these activities allow dogs to use their noses voluntarily and without time pressure—supporting intrinsic motivation.Importantly, the review noted that even low-effort scent activities showed measurable benefits, suggesting that you don’t need to train a detection dog to support wellbeing.Stress and scent: sniffing as a behavioural bufferSeveral studies reviewed by Cameron et al. showed that dogs allowed to sniff more frequently had lower heart rates, more stable cortisol levels, and fewer signs of arousal or frustration. For example, one study found that dogs on “sniffari” walks had lower pulse rates than dogs walked on a strict heel. Another linked frequent sniffing with improved rest quality and reduced vocalisation in kennelled dogs.These outcomes point to sniffing as a regulatory behaviour—akin to fidgeting or daydreaming in humans—which helps modulate arousal and support calmness.Scent and agency: the right to choose where your nose goesOne of the paper’s most interesting contributions was the connection between olfactory activities and behavioural agency. Dogs who were allowed to explore scent trails at their own pace showed more exploratory behaviour overall, suggesting that giving dogs control over sensory input can improve environmental engagement and emotional confidence.Agency isn’t just a feel-good concept—it’s a measurable factor in animal welfare. The authors argue that sniffing supports agency by giving dogs meaningful control over their time, movements, and attention.Structured scent work: resilience through olfactionThe review also explored the growing use of scent work in behaviour modification, particularly for dogs with anxiety or reactivity. While not a replacement for therapeutic protocols, scent games were found to improve dogs’ tolerance for challenging situations. For example, dogs exposed to scent training during a kennel stay were more relaxed during handling sessions and showed fewer stress-related behaviours.This suggests that olfactory enrichment may act as a form of psychological buffering, helping dogs build resilience and regulate emotional responses over time.Practical takeaways* Prioritise sniffing on walks: Let dogs explore at their own pace for at least part of the walk.* Use scatter feeding or scent puzzles: Especially valuable for kennelled, anxious, or under-stimulated dogs.* Integrate scent work into training plans: Not just for fun, but as a tool for emotional regulation.* Recognise olfaction as a core need: Denying scent opportunities may be as limiting as restricting movement or social contact.Further reading* Cameron, S., Redgate, S. E., & Zulch, H. (2023). The value of sniffing: A scoping review of scent activities for canines. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 261, 105820.* Horowitz, A. (2016). Being a Dog: Following the Dog Into a World of Smell.* Rooney, N. J., & Cowan, S. (2011). Training methods and owner-dog interactions: Links with dog behaviour and learning ability. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 132(3–4), 169–177. This is a public episode. If ...