Dr. Chris Mason, NASA scientist and author of The Next 500 Years, is leading efforts to engineer human life for space travel and planetary colonization. From the Twin Study with Scott and Mark Kelly to genetic modifications for radiation resistance, this episode explores how biotechnology, genomics, and spaceflight will shape the future of our species.Topics Covered:- How genetics can help humans survive radiation & microgravity- The NASA Twin Study & what spaceflight does to the human body- How gene editing & CRISPR could prepare astronauts for Mars- The challenges of long-term space travel & planetary colonization- Why synthetic biology and microbiome engineering are key to survival- The ethical dilemmas of human genetic engineering for space- What life in space, on Mars, and beyond could look likeAbout Dr. Chris Mason:Dr. Chris Mason is a geneticist, computational biologist, and professor at Weill Cornell Medicine. He has worked extensively with NASA on space biology, including the NASA Twin Study, SpaceX collaborations, and Artemis missions. His book The Next 500 Years presents a bold plan for making humans a multi-planetary species. Listen in to explore the frontiers of genetics, space travel, and the future of humanity.Introduction to Space Exploration and Multi-Planetary Existence - 00:00:00The Role of Biology in Future Space Missions - 00:00:44The Ten Phase Plan for Engineering Life for Space - 00:01:11Ethical Responsibilities and the Book's Dedication - 00:02:01Origin of the Book and Early Thoughts on Space Exploration - 00:04:23Humanity's Drive to Explore and the Urgency of Space Travel - 00:06:42Phase One: Understanding the Human Genome - The Twin Study - 00:07:26Surprising Findings from the Twin Study - 00:08:09Immediate Telomere Elongation in Space - 00:11:03Practical Applications from Space Biology Research - 00:12:08Challenges and Innovations in Space PCR - 00:14:57Phase Two: Preliminary Genome Engineering - 00:16:48Advancements in Genome Editing Technologies - 00:17:19Long-Term Trials and Intergenerational Studies - 00:19:07Somatic vs. Germline Editing in Space Context - 00:20:11Future Phases: Synthetic Biology and Exoplanet Exploration - 00:22:15The Ultimate Goal: Multi-Planetary Societies - 00:22:32Generation Ships and Philosophical Considerations - 00:24:09Comparing Phase Ten with Kardashev Scale Achievements - 00:25:05Space Exploration Without Genetic Engineering - 00:27:44Engineering Organisms for Space Survival - 00:29:14The Extreme Microbiome Project - 00:30:45Philosophical Reflections on Humanity and Genetic Engineering - 00:32:15Concepts of Cellular, Molecular, and Planetary Liberty - 00:34:23Health Implications of Spacewalks - 00:37:21Artemis Missions and Future Lunar Studies - 00:38:42Planetary Protection and Contamination Concerns - 00:39:38Science Fiction Influences on Future Visions - 00:41:35Personal Motivations and the Fragility of Life - 00:44:10De-Extinction Efforts: The Colossus Project - 00:45:53Considering Alternative Nucleotides in Alien Life - 00:48:07Advice for Young Scientists - 00:49:26Resources for Engaging with Space Genetics - 00:52:13Closing Remarks - 00:52:40Dr. Mason's Lab - https://www.masonlab.net/NASA GeneLab - https://genelab.nasa.gov/Dr. Andy Feinberg pipetting in microgravity - https://youtu.be/FKoqqJi3-k4?si=TOvc_t-fpTxuYhHo&t=1148Attributions:SpaceX - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97GOcZ08tc4Thermo Fisher Scientific - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y2WqSdDHyo&t=18sIn Vivo on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GBvPPvSx52O6ILuam4LoX?si=6c903566ae7b4761